{"id":1792,"date":"2018-09-14T01:31:03","date_gmt":"2018-09-14T01:31:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/baileyonlineclassroom.com\/eastasiaandoceaniablog\/?p=1792"},"modified":"2018-09-14T02:12:54","modified_gmt":"2018-09-14T02:12:54","slug":"u-s-weighs-sanctions-against-chinese-officials-over-muslim-detention-camps","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baileyonlineclassroom.com\/eastasiaandoceaniablog\/2018\/09\/14\/u-s-weighs-sanctions-against-chinese-officials-over-muslim-detention-camps\/","title":{"rendered":"U.S. Weighs Sanctions Against Chinese Officials Over Muslim Detention Camps"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">The Trump administration is considering sanctions against Chinese senior officials and companies to punish Beijing\u2019s detention of hundreds of thousands of ethnic Uighurs and other minority Muslims in\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/09\/08\/world\/asia\/china-uighur-muslim-detention-camp.html\">large internment camps<\/a>, according to current and former American officials.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">The economic penalties would be one of the first times the Trump administration has taken action against China because of human rights violations. United States officials are also seeking to limit American sales of surveillance technology that Chinese security agencies and companies\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/meghara\/the-police-state-of-the-future-is-already-here#.nyemLvQxY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">are using to monitor<\/a>\u00a0Uighurs throughout northwest China.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">Discussions to rebuke China for its\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/37353916\/NEW_Sept_2018_Thoroughly_Reforming_Them_Towards_a_Healthy_Heart_Attitude_-_Chinas_Political_Re-Education_Campaign_in_Xinjiang\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">treatment of its minority Muslims<\/a>\u00a0have been underway for months among officials at the White House and the Treasury and State Departments. But they gained urgency two weeks ago,\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cecc.gov\/media-center\/press-releases\/chairs-lead-bipartisan-letter-urging-administration-to-sanction-chinese\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">after members of Congress asked<\/a>\u00a0Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin to impose sanctions on seven Chinese officials.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">Until now, President Trump has largely resisted punishing China for its human rights record, or even accusing it of widespread violations. If approved, the penalties would fuel an already bitter standoff with Beijing over trade and pressure on North Korea\u2019s nuclear program.<\/p>\n<div class=\"css-1h6whtw\">\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">Last month, a United Nations panel\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/08\/10\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-un-uighurs.html\">confronted Chinese diplomats<\/a>\u00a0in Geneva over the detentions. The camps for Chinese Muslims have been the target of growing international criticism and investigative reports, including by The New York Times.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">Human rights advocates and\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jeromecohen.net\/jerrys-blog\/2018\/7\/25\/what-can-be-done-regarding-xinjiangs-mass-detentions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">legal scholars<\/a>\u00a0say the\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/08\/10\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-rahile-dawut.html\">mass detentions<\/a>\u00a0in the northwest region of Xinjiang are the worst collective human rights abuse in China in decades. Since taking power in 2012, President Xi Jinping has steered China on a hard authoritarian course, which includes increased repression of large ethnic groups in western China, notably the Uighurs and\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/06\/07\/world\/asia\/china-tashi-wangchuk.html\">Tibetans<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">On Sunday, Human Rights Watch\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">released a detailed report<\/a>\u00a0that concluded that the violations were of a \u201cscope and scale not seen in China since the 1966-1976 Cultural Revolution.\u201d The report, based on interviews with 58 former residents of Xinjiang, recommended that other nations impose targeted sanctions on Chinese officials, withhold visas and control exports of technology that could be used for abuses.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">Any new American sanctions would be announced by the Treasury Department after governmentwide consultations, including with Congress.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-14jsv4e\">\n<div class=\"css-z3qape ek9z99y2\">\n<div class=\"css-1h6whtw\">\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">Chinese Muslims in the camps are forced to attend daily classes, denounce aspects of Islam, study mainstream Chinese culture and pledge loyalty to the Chinese Communist Party. Some detainees who have been released have\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/asia_pacific\/former-inmates-of-chinas-muslim-re-education-camps-tell-of-brainwashing-torture\/2018\/05\/16\/32b330e8-5850-11e8-8b92-45fdd7aaef3c_story.html?utm_term=.c44ce1a08d6a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">described torture<\/a>\u00a0by security officers.<\/p>\n<div class=\"css-1h6whtw\">\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">Chinese officials have labeled the process \u201ctransformation through education\u201d or \u201ccounter-extremism education.\u201d But they have not acknowledged that large groups of Muslims are being detained.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">The discussions over the\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/supchina.com\/2018\/08\/22\/xinjiang-explainer-chinas-reeducation-camps-for-a-million-muslims\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mass detentions in Xinjiang<\/a>\u00a0highlight American efforts on issues that diverge from the president\u2019s priorities. Mr. Trump has rarely made statements criticizing foreign governments for human rights abuses or anti-liberal policies, and in fact has\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/03\/04\/in-a-jokey-speech-trump-praised-chinas-xi-for-ditching-term-limits-saying-maybe-well-give-that-a-shot-some-day\/?utm_term=.2a55d1e1905a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">praised authoritarian leaders, including Mr. Xi<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">The Trump administration has confronted China over economic issues \u2014 the two countries are in the middle of a\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/09\/07\/business\/trump-china-trade-war-tariffs.html\">prolonged trade war<\/a>\u00a0\u2014 but has said little about rampant abuses by its security forces.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">\u201cThe scale of it \u2014 it\u2019s massive,\u201d Senator Marco Rubio, Republican of Florida, said of the Muslim detention centers in an interview. \u201cIt involves not only intimidating people on political speech, but also a desire to strip people of their identity \u2014 ethnic identity, religious identity \u2014 on a scale that I\u2019m not sure we\u2019ve seen in the modern era.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">Ethnic Uighurs are a Turkic-speaking group that is mostly Sunni Muslim. With a population of around 11 million, Uighurs are the largest ethnic group in Xinjiang. Some of the desert oasis towns and villages that they consider their homeland are being emptied out as security officers\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nchrd.org\/2018\/07\/criminal-arrests-in-xinjiang-account-for-21-of-chinas-total-in-2017\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">force many Uighurs<\/a>\u00a0into large detention centers for weeks or months.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">Gulchehra Hoja, a Uighur-American journalist who works for Radio Free Asia, which is financed by the United States government,\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cecc.gov\/events\/hearings\/surveillance-suppression-and-mass-detention-xinjiang%E2%80%99s-human-rights-crisis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said at a congressional hearing in July<\/a>\u00a0that two dozen of her family members in Xinjiang were missing, including her brother.<\/p>\n<div class=\"css-1h6whtw\">\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">\u201cI hope and pray for my family to be let go and released,\u201d Ms. Hoja said. \u201cBut I know even if that happens, they will still live under constant threat.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">A Chinese law student in Canada, Shawn Zhang, has\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.chinafile.com\/reporting-opinion\/features\/what-satellite-images-can-show-us-about-re-education-camps-xinjiang\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">compiled satellite images<\/a>\u00a0that show the scale of some of the detention centers.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">In their demand last month, Mr. Rubio and other lawmakers urged officials at the State and Treasury Departments to impose sanctions on Chinese companies that have profited from building the camps or the regionwide surveillance system, which includes\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2017\/12\/13\/china-minority-region-collects-dna-millions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the collection of biometric and DNA data<\/a>. They singled out Hikvision and Dahua Technology for the surveillance.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">Mr. Rubio said the Congressional-Executive Commission on China, of which he is a chairman, will also ask the Commerce Department to\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cecc.gov\/media-center\/press-releases\/chairs-ask-commerce-secretary-ross-about-sale-of-surveillance-technology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">prevent American companies<\/a>\u00a0from selling technology to China that could contribute to the surveillance and tracking.<\/p>\n<div class=\"css-1h6whtw\">\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">For many years, Chinese officials have talked about the need to suppress what they call terrorism, separatism and religious extremism in Xinjiang. In 2009, ethnic violence began soaring in the region. Security forces carried out mass repression in response, but large-scale construction of the camps, which now hold as many as one million people, did not begin until the arrival of Chen Quanguo, who became party chief of Xinjiang in August 2016, after a stint in the Tibet Autonomous Region.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">The congressional demand, outlined in an Aug. 28 letter, singles out Mr. Chen among the seven Chinese officials who would be sanctioned.<\/p>\n<div class=\"css-18sbwfn StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-1h6whtw\">\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">In Washington, officials grappling with the plight of the Uighurs and other Chinese Muslims are doing so in the shadow of the mass murders, rapes and forced displacement of Rohingya Muslims by Burmese military forces that began in Myanmar in August 2017. More than 700,000 Rohingya fled to neighboring Bangladesh and live in squalid camps.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">Some American officials see the actions of the Chinese government as another form of the genocide that occurred in Myanmar, according to people with knowledge of the continuing discussions, who spoke on the condition of anonymity because they have not been authorized to talk publicly about the issue.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">Sam Brownback, the State Department\u2019s ambassador at large for international religious freedom and former governor of Kansas, supports taking a hard line against the Chinese government on the issue of Xinjiang, they said. Mr. Brownback declined to be interviewed.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">In April, Laura Stone, an acting deputy assistant secretary for East Asian and Pacific affairs,\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.apnews.com\/13ee0b95c05249a8be7c0467bf413b6e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">told reporters on a visit to Beijing<\/a>\u00a0that the United States could impose sanctions on Chinese officials involved in the Xinjiang abuses under the Global Magnitsky Act. The law allows the American government to impose sanctions on specific foreign officials who are gross violators of human rights.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">That same month, Heather Nauert, the chief spokeswoman for the State Department,\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/statedeptspox\/status\/987687844520001537\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">called on China to release all those \u201cunlawfully detained\u201d<\/a>after meeting in Washington with Ms. Hoja and five other ethnic Uighur journalists who work in the United States for Radio Free Asia. The journalists shared details of the mass detentions and of harassment of their own family members in the region.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">The issue of the Uighurs was raised in July at the first international minister-level forum on global religious freedom, over which Mr. Pompeo and Vice President Mike Pence presided. Ahead of it, Mr. Pompeo\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/opinion\/2018\/07\/24\/defend-religious-freedom-global-attacks-mike-pompeo-column\/818972002\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">wrote an op-ed<\/a>\u00a0that listed the Uighurs among several groups suffering religious persecution. \u201cThese episodes and others like them are abhorrent,\u201d he wrote.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">In a statement to The Times, the State Department said officials \u201care deeply troubled by the Chinese government\u2019s worsening crackdown\u201d on Muslims.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-14jsv4e\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"story-ad-5-wrapper\" class=\"ResponsiveAd-flexFrame--1PVri ResponsiveAd-storyBodyAd--35v2w\">\n<div id=\"story-ad-5-slug\" class=\"ResponsiveAd-adSlug--3H3QM\">\n<div class=\"css-1h6whtw\">\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">\u201cCredible reports indicate that individuals sent by Chinese authorities to detention centers since April 2017 number at least in the hundreds of thousands, and possibly millions,\u201d the statement said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">The Trump administration has used an executive order tied to the Magnitsky Act once to impose sanctions on a Chinese official. In December, the White House\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rfa.org\/english\/news\/china\/chief-12222017103212.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">announced sanctions against Gao Yan<\/a>, who was a district police chief in Beijing when a human-rights activist died in detention.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Source: The New York Times<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Trump administration is considering sanctions against Chinese senior officials and companies to punish Beijing\u2019s detention of hundreds of thousands of ethnic Uighurs and other minority Muslims in\u00a0large internment camps, according to current and former American officials. The economic penalties would be one of the first times the Trump administration has taken action against China because of human rights violations&#8230;. <a href=\"https:\/\/baileyonlineclassroom.com\/eastasiaandoceaniablog\/2018\/09\/14\/u-s-weighs-sanctions-against-chinese-officials-over-muslim-detention-camps\/\">Read more &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":119,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1792","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-article"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baileyonlineclassroom.com\/eastasiaandoceaniablog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1792","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baileyonlineclassroom.com\/eastasiaandoceaniablog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baileyonlineclassroom.com\/eastasiaandoceaniablog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baileyonlineclassroom.com\/eastasiaandoceaniablog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/119"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baileyonlineclassroom.com\/eastasiaandoceaniablog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1792"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/baileyonlineclassroom.com\/eastasiaandoceaniablog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1792\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1813,"href":"https:\/\/baileyonlineclassroom.com\/eastasiaandoceaniablog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1792\/revisions\/1813"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baileyonlineclassroom.com\/eastasiaandoceaniablog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1792"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baileyonlineclassroom.com\/eastasiaandoceaniablog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1792"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baileyonlineclassroom.com\/eastasiaandoceaniablog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1792"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}